The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.